Lifelines of National Economy - Class 10 Social Science - Chapter 7 - Notes, NCERT Solutions & Extra Questions
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Extra Questions - Lifelines of National Economy | Contemporary India - II | Social Science | Class 10
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Which of the following statements is/are correct about Wardha scheme?
The main principle of Mahatma Gandhi's famous Basic Education System or Wardha Scheme was learning through activity.
A committee under Dr. Zakir Hussain was appointed to formulate the Wardha Scheme of basic education.
The committee suggested that there should be no place for English in the curriculum and no place for religious education in this scheme. Code:
A $1 & 3$ only
B 2 & 3 only
C 1 and 2 only
D All of these
The correct option is C 1 and 2 only.
Detailed Analysis:
Resolution at Wardha Conference:
Free and compulsory education was mandated for 7 years on a national level.
The mother tongue was endorsed as the medium of instruction.
During these 7 years, education was to be centered around manual and productive work, with a selected handicraft based on the child's environment. This approach was intended to financially support the remuneration of teachers.
Basic Education Committee under Dr. Zakir Hussain:
Following the Wardha conference, a committee led by Dr. Zakir Hussain was formed to develop the scheme of basic education.
The aim was to nurture the qualities of ideal citizenship, with a greater emphasis on Indian culture rather than mere literacy.
It specified that there should be no place for English in the curriculum. However, it importantly allowed for religious education, contrary to what one of the options suggests.
The economic objectives of basic education were planned to be achieved through the children's manual handicraft work over a period of 7 years. Yet, this part of the plan faced opposition from the Muslim League due to the importance they placed on religious education.
Given this information, statements 1 and 2 are correct, whereas statement 3 contains inaccuracies regarding religious education in the scheme. Therefore, the correct answer is C (1 and 2 only).
The protests were _____________ at _____________ awareness among the elite and the educated.
A held, generating
B aimed, creating
C targeted, awakening
D focused, building
(E) concentrated, producing
The correct option is B aimed, creating. The sentence "The protests were aimed at creating awareness among the elite and the educated" clearly communicates the purpose and outcome of the protests.
Rearrange the sentences $(A),(B),(C),(D),(E)$ and $(F)$ in a proper sequence so as to form a meaningful paragraph and answer the given questions. (A) Had it not been for them, Indian banks would have had their hands tied down. (B) Today, almost all countries are facing the heat of recession. (C) One of these is the strict RBI and SEBI rules which regulated the banking sector very efficiently. (D) This could have led to massive losses for them, which could have percolated to other sectors as well. (E) However, there are a few things that help India bounce back from the state of recession. (F) Like others, India too has not remained immune to the epidemic.
Which of the following sentences should be the FIRST after rearrangement?
A (A) - (F) - (E) - (C) - (B) - (D).
B. (B) - (F) - (E) - (C) - (A) - (D).
C (B) - (C) - (E) - (F) - (A) - (D).
D (B) - (F) - (E) - (D) - (A) - (C).
E (F) - (B) - (E) - (C) - (A) - (D).
The correct answer is Option B.
Sentence B should be the first in the sequence. The proper sequence of sentences should be:
(B) Today, almost all countries are facing the heat of recession.
(F) Like others, India too has not remained immune to the epidemic.
(E) However, there are a few things that help India bounce back from the state of recession.
(C) One of these is the strict RBI and SEBI rules which regulated the banking sector very efficiently.
(A) Had it not been for them, Indian banks would have had their hands tied down.
(D) This could have led to massive losses for them, which could have percolated to other sectors as well.
Thus, 'Today, almost all countries are facing the heat of recession' should be the first sentence after rearrangement.
"It is said that roads are the lifeline for any country. Examine the role of Bharatmala Pariyojana in providing the biggest revolution in Indian highways."
Bharatmala Pariyojana is a centrally-sponsored and funded Road and Highways project of the Government of India. The total investment for 83,677 km committed new highways is estimated at ₹5.35 lakh crore, making it the single largest outlay for a government road construction scheme. The project includes the construction of economic corridors, inter-corridors and feeder routes, national corridors efficiency improvement, border and international connectivity roads, coastal and port connectivity roads, and green-field expressways. The project aims to increase the efficiency of freight and passenger movement across the country by bridging critical infrastructure gaps through effective interventions like the development of highways and roads. This extensive network will offer last-mile connectivity to hinterlands and improve the movement of goods and people across India, effectively resulting in economic growth and national integration, marking a significant revolution in Indian highways.
With reference to Sagarmala Project, i) Union Government had launched Sagarmala Project with a view to achieve the broad objective of promoting port-led economic development in India. ii) It will address the challenges by focusing only on building port infrastructure. Which of the above is/are correct?
A) i only
B) ii only
C) Both i and ii
D) None
The correct option is A) i only
Explanation:
The Sagarmala Project is an initiative by the Government of India aimed at promoting port-led economic development in India. This strategic and customer-oriented initiative seeks to modernize India's ports, enabling them to be drivers of economic activity along coastal areas. It envisions transforming existing ports into modern, world-class ports and integrating them with industrial clusters, hinterlands, and efficient transport systems including road, rail, inland, and coastal waterways.
The project addresses its objectives through three main pillars of development:
Policy and institutional interventions to support port-led development and provide a framework for cooperation among various agencies, ministries, departments, and states.
Enhancement of port infrastructure, which includes not only modernizing existing ports but also constructing new ones.
Efficient evacuation systems to ensure seamless transportation to and from hinterlands.
Statement ii is incorrect because it suggests that focusing only on building port infrastructure addresses the project’s challenges, whereas the Sagarmala Project employs a broader, more integrated approach to development.
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Which two of the following extreme locations are connected by the east-west corridor?
(a) Mumbai and Nagpur
(b) Silchar and Porbandar
(c) Mumbai and Kolkata
(d) Nagpur and Siligudi
The two extreme locations connected by the east-west corridor are Silchar and Porbandar.
Correct answer: (b) Silchar and Porbandar.
Which mode of transportation reduces trans-shipment losses and delays?
(a) Railways
(b) Roadways
(c) Pipeline
(d) Waterways
The mode of transportation that reduces trans-shipment losses and delays is:
(c) Pipeline
Pipelines ensure a continuous flow of goods, eliminating the need for intermediate loading and unloading, thus reducing trans-shipment losses and delays.
Which one of the following states is not connected with the H.V.J. pipeline?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Gujarat
(d) Uttar Pradesh
The H.V.J. pipeline, known as the Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur pipeline, connects several states. Based on the states mentioned, Maharashtra is not connected with the H.V.J. pipeline.
The correct option is: (b) Maharashtra
Which one of the following ports is the deepest land-locked and well-protected port along the east coast?
(a) Chennai
(b) Paradwip
(c) Tuticorin
(d) Vishakhapatnam
The correct answer is:
d) Vishakhapatnam
Vishakhapatnam is mentioned as the deepest landlocked and well-protected port along the east coast of India.
Which one of the following is the most important modes of transportation in India?
(a) Pipeline
(b) Railways
(c) Roadways
(d) Airways
The most important mode of transportation in India, as highlighted in the chapter, is (b) Railways. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for both freight and passengers in India, influencing the economic and social fabric of the country significantly.
Which one of the following terms is used to describe trade between two or more countries?
(a) Internal trade
(b) International trade
(c) External trade
(d) Local trade
The term used to describe trade between two or more countries is:
(b) International trade
State any three merits of roadways.
Here are three merits of roadways:
-
Economical: Road transport is cost-effective for transporting few persons and relatively smaller amounts of goods over short distances. It eliminates the need for expensive rail or air transport for such journeys.
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Flexibility: Roadways provide door-to-door service, reducing the cost and inconvenience of loading and unloading goods. This level of flexibility is particularly beneficial in urban and rural areas alike.
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Accessibility: Roads can traverse challenging terrains including mountains such as the Himalayas, and can negotiate high gradients, making them indispensable for accessing remote and rugged areas.
Where and why is rail transport the most convenient means of transportation?
Rail transport is most convenient in the northern plains of India. This region provides the most favorable conditions for the growth of rail transport due to its vast level land, high population density, and rich agricultural resources. Railways facilitate efficient and economic transport of large volumes of goods and passengers over long distances, making it particularly suitable for such a densely populated and agriculturally rich area.
What is the significance of the border roads?
The significance of the border roads lies in several pivotal roles they play:
-
Strategic Importance: Border roads are crucial for the movement of military troops and equipment in cases of national security and defense, particularly along the sensitive and strategic frontiers of a country.
-
Economic Development: These roads facilitate the economic development of remote border areas by promoting trade and commerce with neighboring countries.
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Accessibility: They improve accessibility to isolated and difficult terrains, thus integrating such regions with the mainstream areas.
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Socio-economic Progress: By connecting remote areas, border roads help in the socio-economic upliftment of the local populations by improving access to markets, healthcare, education, and employment opportunities.
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Administered by Border Roads Organisation: In India, the construction and maintenance of these roads are managed by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), a government body, which ensures their strategic and operational readiness.
Hence, border roads are fundamental in enhancing national security, promoting economic activities, improving connectivity, and integrating remote areas with the rest of the nation.
What is meant by trade? What is the difference between international and local trade?
Definition of Trade:
Trade refers to the exchange of goods and services among people, states, and countries. It facilitates the buying and selling of goods and can take place in different markets, whether local, state-level, or international.
Difference between International and Local Trade:
-
Scale and Participants:
- International Trade: Occurs between different countries or across international borders. It involves a larger scale of exchange involving various countries.
- Local Trade: Happens within a local area, town, or city. It typically involves smaller scale exchanges and primarily local businesses and consumers.
-
Regulations and Tariffs:
- International Trade: Subject to international laws, tariffs, trade agreements, and regulations which govern the terms of trade between countries.
- Local Trade: Governed by local or national laws and regulations, without the complexities of international tariffs.
-
Types of Goods and Services:
- International Trade: Often involves goods that are abundant in one country and scarce in another, or specialized goods and services that are recognized globally.
- Local Trade: Primarily involves everyday goods and services needed by local consumers and can include perishable products and local crafts.
-
Economic Impact:
- International Trade: Has a significant impact on a nation's economy, affecting national GDP and economic relationships with other countries.
- Local trade: Impacts the economy at a local or regional level, influencing local businesses and employment.
These differences highlight how trade varies based on geographical scope and the regulatory environment, with international trade playing a crucial role in global economic activity while local trade supports the everyday economic interactions within communities.
(I) Why are the means of transportation and communication called the lifelines of a nation and its economy?
(ii) Write a note on the changing nature of the international trade in the last fifteen years.
Answer:
(I) Means of transportation and communication are termed as the lifelines of a nation and its economy because they are crucial for the movement of goods and services across various parts of a country, which is essential for the overall economic development. Efficient transport systems enable access to markets, improve employment opportunities, facilitate trade, and promote the integration of economies. Similarly, effective communication systems ensure the swift flow of information necessary for economic, social, and political functions. Both systems are fundamental in supporting the growth and modernization of an economy, fostering national integration, and developing international trade.
(ii) Changing Nature of International Trade in the Last Fifteen Years:
- Globalization: The last fifteen years have seen deeper integration of global markets, increased trade in goods and services across borders fueled by advancements in technology.
- E-commerce Growth: There has been significant growth in digital trade, with e-commerce playing a pivotal role in international trade, allowing even small businesses to access global markets.
- Shift in Economic Power: Emerging economies like China, India, and Brazil have become more influential in international trade dynamics.
- Trade Agreements: Increase in regional trade agreements like TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) and RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) which aim to reduce trade barriers and promote trade liberalization.
- Technological Advancements: Innovations such as blockchain and improved logistics technology have streamlined trade processes, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.
- Sustainability and Ethics: Growing consumer awareness about sustainable and ethical production practices has impacted trade patterns, leading to more demands for responsibly produced goods.
These elements reflect a dynamic shift in the landscape of international trade, characterized by technological progression, evolving economic centers, and a global shift towards more integrated and digitally facilitated trading environments.
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The term "lifelines of national economy" encompasses the vital infrastructure that drives the economic engine of a nation. Efficient transportation and communication systems are crucial for economic growth. This article delves into how these systems serve as the lifelines of India’s national economy, underlining their significance in connecting people, facilitating trade, and supporting overall development.
Transportation as a Lifeline
Roadways
India boasts one of the world's largest road networks, spanning over 62.16 lakh km. Roads serve as the country's arterial network, linking cities, towns, and rural areas. They are classified into several types:
National Highways: Link the extreme parts of the country. The Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways project is a significant development, connecting Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Mumbai.
State Highways: Connect state capitals to district headquarters.
District Roads: Connect district headquarters with other places within the district.
Rural Roads: Link rural areas and villages with towns, developed under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.
Railways
Railways are a cornerstone of India's transportation system, facilitating the movement of people and goods over long distances. The Indian Railways, the largest public sector undertaking, has been operational for over 150 years. It binds the economic life of the country and accelerates the development of industries and agriculture.
Waterways
Waterways are among the cheapest and most fuel-efficient modes of transportation. India’s inland navigation waterways stretch over 14,500 km. Notable National Waterways include:
NW1: The Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia.
NW2: The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri.
NW3: The West-Coast Canal in Kerala.
Airways
Air travel is the fastest and most comfortable mode of transport. It plays a crucial role in regions with difficult terrain like the north-eastern states. Key airports across the country facilitate faster movement of people and goods, contributing significantly to the economy.
Pipelines
Pipelines are a relatively new addition to India's transportation network. They are used to transport crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas. Major pipeline networks include the Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline and those connecting oil fields in Assam to various parts of the country.
Communication as a Lifeline
Postal Services
The Indian postal network, the largest globally, handles parcels and personal written communications. It includes various mail categories for efficient delivery across vast distances.
Telecommunications
India's extensive telecom network ensures connectivity across urban and rural areas. Innovations like Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) have significantly improved communication.
Mass Media
Mass media, including radio, television, newspapers, and the internet, play a pivotal role in educating and informing the public. Platforms like All India Radio and Doordarshan serve diverse population segments, fostering awareness and education.
Trade as a Lifeline
Domestic Trade
Domestic trade supports the economy by facilitating the exchange of goods within the country. It includes local trade within cities and state-level trade between states.
International Trade
International trade, encompassing exports and imports, is vital for economic prosperity. India exports goods like gems, jewellery, and agricultural products, while importing essentials like petroleum and electronic items. The balance of trade indicates the economic health of the nation.
Tourism as a Trade
Tourism has grown substantially, engaging over 15 million people. It promotes national integration, supports local handicrafts, and fosters international understanding. Types of tourism include heritage, eco, adventure, cultural, medical, and business tourism, each contributing uniquely to the economy.
Conclusion
Transport, communication, and trade systems form the lifelines of national economy, driving growth, connectivity, and development. Enhancing these lifelines is crucial for sustaining and boosting economic prosperity in the future.
By understanding and optimizing these critical systems, India continues to strengthen its economic foundation, ensuring robust growth and development across all sectors.
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