Working of Institutions - Class 9 Social Science - Chapter 4 - Notes, NCERT Solutions & Extra Questions
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Extra Questions - Working of Institutions | Democratic Politics - I | Social Science | Class 9
Q: Which of the following bodies are headed by the Prime Minister?
- Inter-State Council
- Zonal Councils
- National Integration Council
- Niti Aayog
Select the correct answer from the codes given below: Q: प्रधान मंत्री निम्नलिखित में से किस निकाय के प्रमुख हैं?
- अंतर-राज्य परिषद
- आंचलिक परिषद
- राष्ट्रीय एकता परिषद
- नीति आयोग
नीचे दिए गए कूट में से सही उत्तर का चयन कीजिए:
A) 1 and 2 only केवल 1 और 2
B) 2, 3 and 4 only केवल 2, 3 और 4
C) 1, 3 and 4 only केवल 1, 3 और 4
D) 1, 2, 3 and 4 केवल 1, 2, 3 और 4
The correct answer is C - 1, 3 and 4 only.
Here’s a breakdown of the roles of the Prime Minister in each institution:
-
Statement 1 is correct:
The Inter-State Council is established under Article 263 of the Constitution to address inter-state issues. The Prime Minister serves as the Chairman of this council. -
Statement 2 is incorrect:
Unlike the Inter-State Council, Zonal Councils are chaired by the Union Home Minister. They were proposed by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru in 1956 to foster cooperation among states within a zone. -
Statement 3 is correct:
The National Integration Council (NIC), formed in 1961, is chaired by the Prime Minister. Its purpose is to address and promote national integration. -
Statement 4 is correct:
The NITI Aayog, established on January 1, 2015, functions as the government's major policy think tank, providing both strategic and technical advice. The Prime Minister chairs the Governing Council of NITI Aayog, which includes all the state Chief Ministers and administrators of Union Territories.
Therefore, the correct response is option C, encompassing only options 1, 3, and 4 as bodies headed by the Prime Minister.
"The motive of service dominates the working of cooperative society." How?
The cooperative societies primarily focus on the principles of mutual help and welfare. In these societies, if there is any surplus generated from their operations, it is distributed among the members as dividends according to the society's by-laws. This approach highlights that the primary goal of cooperative societies is not merely profit maximization but rather earning profit for the benefit of its members. Hence, it can be concluded that the motive of service dominates in the workings of a cooperative society.
Examples of NPOs are:
A Hospitals
B Charitable Institutions
C Trusts
D All of these
The correct option is D. All of these
All of the entities listed:
- Hospitals
- Charitable Institutions
- Trusts
are examples of non-profit organizations (NPOs). These organizations operate primarily for purposes other than generating profit, focusing instead on meeting social, educational, or community goals.
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Complete Guide on "Working of Institutions" - Class 9 Notes
In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the "Working of Institutions" as part of the Class 9 curriculum, focusing on the key aspects that underline the functioning of democratic institutions in India.
Overview of Democratic Institutions
What are Democratic Institutions?
Democratic institutions refer to the structures and systems established by a democracy to function effectively. These include the legislature, executive, and judiciary, which together ensure the smooth operation and governance of the country.
Importance of Institutions in a Democracy
In a democratic setup, the importance of institutions lies in maintaining checks and balances, ensuring that no single entity wields excessive power. They follow set rules and procedures to protect the interests of the citizens.
Major Policy Decision Making
How Are Major Policy Decisions Taken?
Major policy decisions in India involve a series of steps and the collaboration of various governmental bodies and officials. Such decisions are taken at different levels, ensuring thorough deliberation and consensus.
The Significance of the 27% Reservation Order in 1990
The 27% reservation order issued in 1990 was a landmark policy decision to allocate government jobs and educational opportunities to Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC). This decision marked a significant step towards achieving social justice in India.
The Decision Makers
Who Are the Main Decision-Makers?
The key decision-makers in the Indian government include the Prime Minister, the President, and the Council of Ministers, among others. Each plays a significant role in the policy-making process and its implementation.
The Interconnectivity of Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary
The three branches of government are intricately connected. The legislature formulates laws, the executive implements them, and the judiciary resolves disputes, ensuring that all actions are within the Constitution's framework.
Role and Function of Legislature
Understanding the Indian Parliament
The Indian Parliament, comprising the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, is the supreme legislative body. It performs critical functions such as law-making, controlling the executive, and debating national issues.
Responsibilities of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
Lok Sabha: Directly elected by the people and holds more significant power, especially in financial matters.
Rajya Sabha: Indirectly elected and represents the states and union territories, providing stability and continuity.
Role of the Executive
Prime Minister and the Cabinet
The Prime Minister, appointed by the President, is the head of the government, guiding the executive branch. The Cabinet, comprising senior ministers, collaborates with the Prime Minister in policy-making and administration.
Political and Permanent Executive
The political executive is elected and includes ministers. The permanent executive consists of civil servants who assist in implementing policies and running day-to-day administration.
Coalition Politics and Its Impact
Coalition politics often require the Prime Minister to seek consensus among various political factions, impacting decision-making dynamics.
Role of the Judiciary
Importance of an Independent Judiciary
An independent judiciary is crucial in upholding the rule of law and ensuring that governmental actions are fair and just, free from political influence.
Judicial Review and Its Significance
Judicial review allows the judiciary to evaluate the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions, providing a robust check on their power.
Public Interest Litigation
Public interest litigation allows individuals or groups to seek judicial relief for actions that harm the public interest, enhancing the judiciary's role in protecting citizens' rights.
Checks and Balances
How Institutions Ensure Checks and Balances
The interplay between the legislature, executive, and judiciary ensures that power is not concentrated in any single branch, promoting accountability and transparency.
Real-life Examples
The 27% reservation order and its subsequent judicial scrutiny highlight the practical application of checks and balances in India.
Summary and Key Takeaways
The Role of Institutions in a Democracy
Institutions play a pivotal role in ensuring democratic governance, following established rules, and fostering collaboration among different branches of government.
Key Learning Points from "Mandalisation of Politics"
The Mandal Commission's recommendations and the resulting policy changes provide valuable insights into the functioning of institutions and the complexities of implementing social justice measures.
Additional Resources
Recommended Readings
NCERT Textbook for Class 9 - Democratic Politics
Online resources on the separation of powers and democratic institutions
FAQs on Working of Institutions
What is the role of the legislature in a democracy?
The legislature is responsible for law-making and representing the people's voice.
How does the executive branch function?
The executive implements laws and runs the daily administration.
Why is the judiciary important?
The judiciary interprets laws and resolves disputes, ensuring justice and fairness.
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