Tertiary and Quaternary Activities - Class 12 Geography - Chapter 6 - Notes, NCERT Solutions & Extra Questions
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Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following is a tertiary activity?
(a) Farming
(b) Trading
(c) Weaving
(d) Hunting
The correct answer is:
(b) Trading
Which one of the following activities is NOT a secondary sector activity?
(a) Iron Smelting
(b) Catching fish
(c) Making garments
(d) Basket Weaving
The correct answer is (b) Catching fish.
Catching fish is a primary sector activity, as it involves the extraction of natural resources directly from the environment.
Which one of the following sectors provides most of the employment in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
(a) Primary
(b) Quaternary
(c) Secondary
(d) Service
The correct answer is (d) Service.
These cities are major urban centres where the service sector, comprising services like trade, transport, communication, health, education, and professional services, provides the most employment.
Jobs that involve high degrees and level of innovations are known as:
(a) Secondary activities
(c) Quinary activities
(b) Quaternary activities
(d) Primary activities
Jobs that involve high degrees and levels of innovations are known as (c) Quinary activities.
Which one of the following activities is related to quaternary sector?
(a) Manufacturing computers
(b) Paper and Raw pulp production
(c) University teaching
(d) Printing books
(c) University teaching
Explanation: University teaching is related to the quaternary sector, which involves activities centered around research, development, and dissemination of information.
Which one out of the following statements is not true?
(a) Outsourcing reduces costs and increases efficiency.
(b) At times engineering and manufacturing jobs can also be outsourced.
(c) BPOs have better business opportunities as compared to KPOs.
(d) There may be dissatisfaction among job seekers in the countries that outsource the job.
The statement that is not true is:
(c) BPOs have better business opportunities as compared to KPOs.
Explanation:
BPOs (Business Process Outsourcing) typically handle simpler, routine tasks and services.
KPOs (Knowledge Process Outsourcing) involve highly skilled workers and focus on information-driven knowledge tasks, offering additional business opportunities and specialization.
Explain retail trading service.
Retail trading involves the direct sale of goods to consumers, typically through fixed establishments or stores. It also includes non-store methods like street peddling, mail-order, and internet.
Describe quaternary services.
Quaternary services involve the collection, production, and dissemination of information, focusing on research and development. They represent an advanced form of services requiring specialized knowledge and technical skills.
Name the fast emerging countries of medical tourism in the world.
India, Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia are the fast-emerging countries of medical tourism. They offer world-class medical services and attract numerous international patients due to lower costs and high-quality care.
What is digital divide?
The digital divide refers to the uneven distribution of opportunities emerging from Information and Communication Technology (ICT) across the globe, resulting in disparities among countries and within regions.
Discuss the significance and growth of the service sector in modern economic development.
The service sector, also known as the tertiary sector, plays a crucial role in modern economic development. Initially, economic development was driven by the primary sector (agriculture, mining) and later the secondary sector (manufacturing). In developed economies, the majority of workers are now employed in the tertiary sector, providing vital services like healthcare, education, governance, and recreation. These sectors require special skills, theoretical knowledge, and practical training.
Tertiary activities include both production and exchange, involving the commercial output of services rather than tangible goods. The sector thrives on specialised skills and knowledge, significantly impacting GDP and employment. Urban marketing centres offer diverse services such as labour, housing, and professional services. Additionally, the growth of tourism, medical tourism, and outsourcing have further propelled the sector.
Technological advancements in communication and transport have also enhanced efficiencies, making services more accessible. Hence, the service sector is indispensable for sustainable economic growth and improving quality of life.
Explain in detail the significance of transport and communication services.
Transport and communication services are critical components of the service sector and play a pivotal role in the economic and social development of regions.
Transport
Transport services enable the movement of people, materials, and goods from one location to another, fulfilling the basic need for mobility. An efficient transport system is vital for the production, distribution, and consumption of goods, significantly enhancing the value of materials at every stage. Distance in transport can be measured in terms of route length, travel time, or cost, with modern society requiring speedy and efficient systems to meet these demands. Well-developed transport networks, consisting of nodes and links, ensure interconnectivity between places.
Communication
Communication services facilitate the transmission of words, messages, facts, and ideas. The evolution of technology has revolutionized this sector, making the delivery of information fast and efficient. Telecommunications, including mobile telephony and satellites, have reduced the constraints of distance, enabling instant communication. Mass media like radio, television, and the internet play crucial roles in news dissemination, advertising, and entertainment. Efficient communication networks are essential for the smooth functioning of societies, fostering economic growth and social cohesion.
Together, these services help overcome spatial barriers, link different parts of the world, promote trade, support governance, and enhance the overall quality of life.
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Comprehensive Class 12 Notes: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Understanding tertiary and quaternary activities is crucial for grasping the nuances of modern economic structures. These activities play a pivotal role in the growth and development of an economy, serving as the backbone of a thriving society. This article delves into the definitions, types, and importance of these activities, along with their distinct differences and examples.
Introduction to Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
What are Tertiary Activities?
Tertiary activities refer to the service sector of the economy, where services are provided rather than goods being produced. Professionals like doctors, teachers, lawyers, and shopkeepers are classic examples. This sector includes services that involve the provision of skills and expertise without producing tangible goods.
What are Quaternary Activities?
Quaternary activities encompass services that deal with information, research, and development. These are knowledge-based activities involving intellectual services such as data analysis, technology development, and information sharing.
The Role and Types of Tertiary Activities
Services in the Tertiary Sector
Tertiary activities provide services in areas like health, education, law, governance, and recreation. These require specialised skills and professional training.
Types of Tertiary Activities
- Trade and Commerce: Involves buying and selling goods produced elsewhere.
- Retail and Wholesale Trading: Retail refers to direct sales to consumers, while wholesale involves bulk trading through intermediaries.
- Transport Services: Facilitates the movement of people, goods, and services.
- Communication Services: Involves the transmission of information and includes telecommunications and mass media.
In-depth Look at Tertiary Activities
Trade and Commerce in Tertiary Sector
Rural and Urban Marketing Centres
Rural centres cater to nearby settlements, while urban centres provide a wider array of goods and specialised services.
Retail Trading
In retail trading, products are sold directly to consumers through various methods such as stores, street vendors, and online platforms.
Wholesale Trading
Wholesale trading involves bulk purchases from manufacturers and supplying retail stores.
Transport in Tertiary Sector
Importance of Transport
Transport is essential for the production, distribution, and consumption of goods. Efficient transport systems enhance the value of materials and support economic activities.
Factors Affecting Transport Systems
Key factors include population size, location of cities, industrial centres, and trade patterns.
Communication Services in Tertiary Sector
Communication Services
Telecommunications
Telecommunications involve rapid transmission of messages over long distances using technology like telephones and the internet.
Mass Media
Radio, television, and newspapers are vital for information dissemination and advertising.
graph TD
A[Communication Services] -->|Telecommunications| B[Telephones, Internet]
A -->|Mass Media| C[Radio, Television, Newspapers]
Professional and Personal Services
Professional Services
These include health care, engineering, law, and management. They are often regulated by government or corporate bodies.
Personal Services
These services, such as domestic help and gardening, facilitate everyday life and are often provided by unskilled workers.
Examples and Subcategories of Services
People Engaged in Tertiary Activities
In developed countries, a significant portion of the workforce is employed in the service sector, providing various services to meet the needs of people and businesses.
Selected Examples
Tourism and Its Economic Impact
Tourism is a major tertiary activity involving travel for recreation. It generates employment and fosters the growth of infrastructure industries, retail trading, and craft industries.
Medical Tourism
Medical tourism involves patients travelling to other countries for medical treatment. Countries like India and Thailand have become popular destinations for medical tourism due to their advanced medical services and affordable costs.
Understanding Quaternary Activities
Quaternary Activities
Definition and Scope
Quaternary activities involve the production, collection, and dissemination of information. These activities include research, development, data analysis, and technology services.
Job Roles in Quaternary Sector
Jobs in this sector include software developers, financial analysts, researchers, and consultants.
Outsourcing and Knowledge Processing Outsourcing (KPO)
Outsourcing involves contracting out services to external agencies to improve efficiency and reduce costs. KPOs involve highly skilled intellectual work such as research and data analysis.
Comparative Analysis
Differences Between Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
While both sectors provide services, tertiary activities focus on direct services like healthcare and education, whereas quaternary activities are centred around information and knowledge services.
Future Trends
The Future of Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Technological advancements and globalisation will continue to shape these sectors, influencing the way services are provided and consumed.
Digital Divide
The disparity in access to information and communication technologies between different regions and demographics is known as the digital divide. Bridging this gap is crucial for equitable growth.
graph TD
A[Digital Divide] -->|Access| B[Developed Countries]
A -->|Limited Access| C[Developing Countries]
B --> D[Advanced Services]
C --> E[Limited Services]
Conclusion
Tertiary and quaternary activities are integral to modern economies, driving growth through specialised services and information management. Understanding these activities helps in appreciating their significance in our daily lives and the global economy.
This comprehensive guide provides an overview of these crucial economic sectors, aiding Class 12 students in their studies and preparation for exams.
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