Poverty as a Challenge - Class 9 Social Science - Chapter 2 - Notes, NCERT Solutions & Extra Questions
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Extra Questions - Poverty as a Challenge | Economics | Social Science | Class 9
Who can avail the benefits of the PDS system?
A) The upper class
B) The middle class
C) Population living below the poverty line (BPL)
D) Everyone
The correct answer is C) Population living below the poverty line (BPL).
Families identified as poor are issued BPL (Below Poverty Line) cards, while the other families receive APL (Above Poverty Line) cards. This system specifically aims to support those who are below the poverty line by providing them access to subsidized food and essentials.
Identify the reason why the scheduled castes and tribes were not able to avail employment opportunities in different sectors.
A Lack of health facilities
B Lack of knowledge and skills
C Lack of communication
D Lack of standard income
The correct answer is B - Lack of knowledge and skills.
Illiteracy has been a significant factor behind the poverty among scheduled castes and tribes in India. Due to their lack of knowledge and skills, individuals from these communities often struggle to access and compete for employment opportunities in various sectors. This lack of educational qualifications severely limits their ability to participate in the broader economic activities that could improve their standard of living.
Rural development must also benefit the poor, landless, women, scheduled castes, and tribes. Moreover, there are strong regional disparities: the majority of India's poor are in rain-fed areas or in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains. Reaching such groups has not been easy. While the rural population classified as poor fell from nearly 40% in the early 1990s to below 30% by the mid-2000s (about a 1% fall per year) - there is a clear need for a faster reduction. Hence, poverty alleviation is a central pillar of the rural development efforts of the Government and the World Bank.
Q27. With reference to the above passage, which of the following statements is/are true?
- The poor people living in the Indo-Gangetic plains have been difficult to reach.
- The World Bank treats the mitigation of poverty as a priority.
- The poverty alleviation programs of the government have been successful.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Only 1 and 3 केवल 1 और 3
Only 2 (B) केवल 2
Only 2 and 3 केवल 2 और 3
All of the above उपर्युक्त सभी
The correct answer is Option B: Only 2.
Statement 1 is incorrect because the passage specifically mentions issues in the "Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains" and not the entire Indo-Gangetic plains, which could potentially include other areas that aren't discussed in the passage.
Statement 2 is correct as it is clearly stated that "poverty alleviation is a central pillar of the rural development efforts of the Government and the World Bank." This demonstrates that the World Bank prioritizes poverty alleviation as part of its agenda.
Statement 3 is incorrect as the passage does not attribute the reduction of the rural poverty percentage purely to the programs aimed at poverty alleviation. It might be influenced by overall economic progress not necessarily connected directly to specific government programs.
Thus, the only statement that can be confirmed as true based on the passage is statement 2, making Option B (Only 2) the correct answer.
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Ask Chatterbot AINotes - Poverty as a Challenge | Class 9 Economics | Social Science
Introduction
Poverty remains one of the most significant challenges facing India. The chapter "Poverty as a Challenge" dives deeply into the multi-faceted nature of poverty, discussing its causes, measurement, and the government's efforts to alleviate it.
Overview of Poverty as a Challenge
This chapter addresses the complex problem of poverty, showcasing examples and trends to illustrate the gravity of the issue. It explores the concept of the poverty line and expands into broader perspectives like social exclusion and human poverty.
Typical Cases of Poverty
Urban Case - Ram Saran
Ram Saran is a 33-year-old daily-wage laborer in Ranchi, Jharkhand. He earns around Rs 1,500 monthly, an income insufficient to sustain his family of six. Living in a temporary shack with his family, he struggles to make ends meet, with inadequate food, clothing, and healthcare.
Rural Case - Lakha Singh
Lakha Singh, from a small village near Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, does odd jobs for big farmers. His family lives in a kuchha hut, earning irregularly either in cash or kind. The lack of steady income and sufficient food, coupled with poor health conditions, typify rural poverty.
Poverty Line
Definition and Measurement
The poverty line is a critical metric for measuring poverty. It is based on the minimum income or consumption levels necessary to fulfil basic needs. For India, the poverty line was Rs 816 per month in rural areas and Rs 1,000 in urban areas in 2011-12. The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) periodically reviews this metric.
Trends in Poverty Reduction
India has seen a decline in its poverty ratio from 45% in 1993-94 to 22% in 2011-12. Although poverty has reduced, significant challenges remain, especially in states like Bihar and Odisha.
Causes of Poverty
Several factors contribute to poverty, including economic policies, high population growth, socio-cultural practices, and indebtedness. Historical reasons like economic exploitation during colonial rule and inadequate job opportunities further exacerbated the issue.
Anti-Poverty Measures
Government Initiatives
Key programs like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana (PMRY), and Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) aim to alleviate poverty by providing employment and economic opportunities.
Effectiveness and Challenges
While these programs have seen mixed results, issues like improper implementation, lack of targeting, and program overlap hinder their success. Effective monitoring and better targeting are crucial.
Poverty as Seen by Social Scientists
Social Exclusion
Social exclusion involves the systemic exclusion of groups from facilities and opportunities that others enjoy, both as a cause and effect of poverty.
Vulnerability
Vulnerability measures the likelihood of certain communities, like backward castes or individuals with disabilities, becoming or remaining poor, especially during crises like natural disasters.
Inter-State Disparities in Poverty
Poverty levels vary across Indian states, with states like Madhya Pradesh and Bihar showing higher ratios. Factors such as agricultural growth, land reforms, and public food distribution play roles in these disparities.
Global Poverty Scenario
Globally, extreme economic poverty (living on less than $1.90 per day) has reduced from 36% in 1990 to 10% in 2015. However, significant regional disparities remain, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
Conclusion
Poverty reduction in India faces considerable challenges, primarily due to wide disparities and vulnerability among different social and economic groups. Future efforts must focus on holistic development, inclusive economic growth, and effective anti-poverty measures to ensure meaningful progress.
Summary and Key Takeaways
Poverty has multiple dimensions, including economic and social facets.
The poverty line helps measure poverty, but must be updated periodically to reflect current conditions.
Significant anti-poverty measures include MGNREGA, PMRY, SGSY, and others.
Social exclusion and vulnerability are both causes and consequences of poverty.
Effective poverty reduction requires continuous efforts and targeted programs.
This comprehensive guide summarizes the critical points from the Class 9 chapter on "Poverty as a Challenge," offering insights into the complexity of poverty and the ongoing efforts to alleviate it.
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