People as Resource - Class 9 Social Science - Chapter 1 - Notes, NCERT Solutions & Extra Questions
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Back Questions - People as Resource | Economics | Social Science | Class 9
What do you understand by 'people as a resource'?
'People as a resource' is a concept that views population as an asset for the economy rather than a liability. This perspective emphasises the potential of the population to contribute positively to the Gross National Product (GNP) through their existing productive skills and abilities. When investments are made in the form of education, training, and medical care, the population transforms into 'human capital'. This human capital represents a stock of skills and productive knowledge, which are crucial for economic growth.
How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
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What is the role of education in human capital formation?
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What is the role of health in human capital formation?
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What part does health play in the individual's working life?
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What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?
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What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
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Why are women employed in low paid work?
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How will you explain the term unemployment?
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What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
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Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?
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In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?
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Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?
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Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many?
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Which capital would you consider the best - land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?
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Ask Chatterbot AIExtra Questions - People as Resource | Economics | Social Science | Class 9
Explain how the concept of 'human capital' enhances the productive capacity of a nation.
Human capital refers to the economic value of a worker’s experience and skills, including education, training, and health. Investing in human capital means providing education, health care, and job training, which enhances workers' skills and productivity. This improvement in skills leads to higher efficiency and productivity, resulting in increased economic output for the country. Essentially, well-educated and healthy workers can adapt to new technologies and methods, boosting innovation and efficiency. Thus, investing in human capital formation is crucial as it turns the population into a significant asset, fostering economic growth and development on a national scale.
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Discuss the relationship between human capital and economic inequality.
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How can government policies aid in the reduction of disguised unemployment in the agricultural sector?
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Ask Chatterbot AINotes - People as Resource | Class 9 Economics | Social Science
IntroductionThe chapter 'People as Resource' in Class 9 is an insightful explanation of how population can be seen as an asset for the economy rather than a liability. When viewed through the lens of human capital, people contribute significantly to the growth and productivity of a nation. Here, we delve into the various aspects covered in the chapter, providing a comprehensive understanding of the concept.
Understanding 'People as Resource'
Definition and Concept
The term 'People as Resource' refers to considering the population as a productive asset, emphasizing their existing skills and abilities. Human capital is essentially the stock of skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by an individual or population. Investment in education, training, and healthcare can transform mere population into valuable human capital, contributing to the Gross National Product (GNP).
Human Capital Formation
Investment in human capital, through education, training, and medical care, yields substantial returns. A more educated and healthier workforce translates into higher productivity and, consequently, higher income. For instance, the Green Revolution in India illustrated the rapid increase in productivity by applying advanced knowledge and technology to agriculture.
Real-World Examples
India's Green Revolution
The Green Revolution is a prime example of how human capital – the application of greater knowledge and improved technologies – boosted agricultural productivity significantly, transforming India’s agricultural landscape.
India's IT Revolution
Similarly, India's IT Revolution demonstrated the importance of human capital over physical capital. Skilled and knowledgeable professionals propelled India's IT industry to global prominence.
Case Studies from the Chapter
Story of Sakal
Sakal, a 12-year-old boy, pursued education fervently, encouraged by his parents. He completed his higher secondary education and furthered his studies in a vocational course in computers. His dedication led him to a job in a private firm, where he innovatively developed new software, significantly boosting the company's sales and earning a promotion.
Story of Vilas
Vilas, unlike Sakal, faced numerous hardships. After the death of his father, his mother struggled to make ends meet by selling fish. Due to financial constraints, Vilas neither received proper medical care nor education. Consequently, he was caught in the cycle of poverty, performing the same low-income job as his mother.
Economic Activities and their Sectors
Classification of Economic Activities
Economic activities are classified into three main sectors:
Primary Sector: Includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining.
Secondary Sector: Encompasses manufacturing and industry.
Tertiary Sector: Includes services like trade, transport, communication, banking, education, and healthcare.
Market and Non-Market Activities
Market Activities: Activities performed for pay or profit, such as government services.
Non-Market Activities: Production for self-consumption, like household tasks.
Education and Health
Role of Education
Education is a critical factor for individual and societal growth. It increases a person’s potential to contribute economically and socially. The government has implemented various initiatives like the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan to universalize elementary education and enhance vocational training.
Importance of Health
Good health is indispensable for maximizing productivity. The government focuses on improving healthcare accessibility, especially for underprivileged segments, which has led to increased life expectancy and reduced infant mortality rates.
Unemployment
Types of Unemployment
Seasonal Unemployment: Common in agriculture, where workers are unemployed during certain seasons.
Disguised Unemployment: When more people are employed than necessary, common in family-run agricultural operations.
Educated Unemployment: Increasingly common in urban areas, even among individuals with higher education.
Impact on Economy
Unemployment leads to wasted human resources, increasing economic strain and lowering the quality of life. Addressing unemployment through targeted policies can mitigate these adverse effects.
Success Stories and Lessons from Other Countries
The Case of Japan
Despite lacking natural resources, Japan invested heavily in human capital, focusing on education and technological innovation. This strategic emphasis on human capital has made Japan a developed and prosperous nation.
Policies and Future Outlook
Educational Policies
Government initiatives have increased the budget for education over the years, focusing on universal access and improving the quality of schooling.
Healthcare Policies
Efforts to enhance healthcare infrastructures, like increasing the number of medical facilities and personnel, reflect the government's commitment to improving public health.
Projections for India's Future
Continued investment in education and health is expected to further improve literacy rates and economic growth, paving the way for a more prosperous future.
ConclusionThe chapter 'People as Resource' highlights the essential role of human capital in economic development. By investing in education and healthcare, individuals can significantly contribute to societal growth, transforming populations into valuable assets for the economy.
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