Drainage - Class 9 Social Science - Chapter 3 - Notes, NCERT Solutions & Extra Questions
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Notes - Drainage | Class 9 Contemporary India - I | Social Science
Overview of Drainage Systems
Drainage refers to the river system of an area. It includes how small streams from various directions come together to form a main river that ultimately drains into a large water body such as a lake, sea, or ocean. Understanding drainage systems is crucial for comprehending how water cycles through different terrains, impacting both natural landscapes and human activities.
River Systems of India
Classification of Rivers
The Himalayan Rivers
Characteristics:
Perennial rivers
Fed by rain and melted snow
Known for deep gorges and extensive floodplains
The Peninsular Rivers
Characteristics:
Seasonal rivers
Dependent on rainfall
Shorter and shallower courses compared to Himalayan rivers
Drainage Basin and Water Divide
Explanation of Drainage Basin
A drainage basin is the area drained by a single river system. Elevated areas, such as mountains and uplands, that separate different drainage basins are known as water divides.
Understanding Water Divide
A water divide is a geographical barrier, such as a mountain or ridge, which separates two drainage basins. For example, the Western Ghats form a prominent water divide in India.
Major River Systems in India
The Indus River System
Source and Pathway:
Originates in Tibet near Lake Mansarowar
Flows through India and Pakistan before reaching the Arabian Sea
Tributaries and Features:
Tributaries include Zaskar, Nubra, Shyok, and Hunza
Known for picturesque gorges and a gentle slope
The Ganga River System
Source and Pathway:
Headwaters called 'Bhagirathi', fed by Gangotri Glacier
Emerges onto the plains at Haridwar
Tributaries (Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi):
Yamuna meets Ganga at Allahabad
Ghaghara, Gandak, and Kosi originate from Nepal Himalayas
Economic and Ecological Significance:
Extensive irrigation and hydroelectric projects
Home to diverse ecosystems
The Brahmaputra River System
Source and Pathway:
Originates east of Mansarowar Lake in Tibet
Known as Tsang Po in Tibet and Jamuna in Bangladesh
Features and Significance:
Forms a braided channel in Assam
Frequently floods, enriching soil but also causing devastation
Peninsular Rivers of India
Features of Peninsular Rivers
Typically dependent on rainfall, these rivers have shorter courses and are less voluminous than Himalayan rivers.
Key Peninsular River Systems
The Narmada Basin
Characteristics:
Flows through a rift valley
Notable for its picturesque Marble rocks and Dhuadhar falls
The Tapi Basin
Characteristics:
Runs parallel to Narmada through a rift valley
Shorter in length
The Godavari Basin
Characteristics:
Largest Peninsular river
Known as Dakshin Ganga
The Mahanadi Basin
Characteristics:
Flows through Chhattisgarh and Odisha
Drains into the Bay of Bengal
The Krishna Basin
Characteristics:
Originates near Mahabaleshwar
Shared by Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh
The Kaveri Basin
Characteristics:
Rises in Brahmagri range
Known for Shivasamudram Falls
Lakes and Their Importance
Types of Lakes in India
Lakes can be freshwater or saltwater. Freshwater lakes are abundant in the Himalayan region, while saltwater lakes often form due to seasonal changes in semi-arid regions.
Significant Lakes in India
Dal Lake: Known for its picturesque houseboats and shikaras
Sambhar Lake: A saltwater lake used for salt production
Wular Lake: Largest freshwater lake in India, formed due to tectonic activity
Role of Rivers in Economy
Historical Significance
Riverbanks have been attractive settlement areas since ancient times due to the availability of water for various purposes, including agriculture and transportation.
Modern-Day Importance
Rivers are vital for irrigation, hydroelectric power, and as pathways for navigation, making them indispensable for India's economy.
River Pollution and Conservation
Causes of River Pollution
Increasing urbanization and industrialization have led to untreated sewage and industrial effluents being dumped into rivers, affecting water quality.
Impact of River Pollution
Polluted rivers can significantly affect human health and the surrounding ecosystem.
Conservation Efforts
Programs like Namami Gange aim to clean and rejuvenate major rivers. Public awareness and government initiatives are crucial for sustainable river management.
Conclusion
Understanding drainage systems is essential for sustainable management of water resources. Rivers and lakes not only support various human activities but also play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. Efforts to conserve and protect these water bodies are necessary to ensure their longevity and continued benefits to society.
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Extra Questions - Drainage | Contemporary India - I | Social Science | Class 9
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Ask Chatterbot AINCERT Solutions - Drainage | Contemporary India - I | Social Science | Class 9
(i) In which of the following states is the Wular lake located?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Punjab
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
The Wular lake is located in:
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
The river Narmada has its source at
(a) Satpura
(b) Brahmagiri
(c) Amarkantak
(d) Slopes of the Western Ghats
The river Narmada has its source at:
(c) Amarkantak
Which one of the following lakes is a salt water lake?
(a) Sambhar
(b) Dal
(c) Wular
(d) Gobind Sagar
Sambhar Lake is a saltwater lake. Hence, the correct answer is: (a) Sambhar
Which one of the following is the longest river of the Peninsular India?
(a) Narmada
(b) Krishna
(c) Godavari
(d) Mahanadi
The longest river of Peninsular India is the Godavari.
Correct answer: (c) Godavari
Which one amongst the following rivers flows through a rift valley?
(a) Mahanadi
(b) Tungabhadra
(c) Krishna
(d) Tapi
The river that flows through a rift valley among the given options is:
(d) Tapi
What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.
A water divide, also known simply as a divide, is an elevated area such as a mountain or an upland that separates two drainage basins. Rainfall on either side of a water divide flows into two different rivers based on the slope and topography of the land. An example of a water divide is the Ambala region, which acts as a divide between the drainage basins of the Indus and the Ganga river systems.
Which is the largest river basin in India?
The largest river basin in India is the Ganga River Basin. This basin is primarily sustained by two major Himalayan rivers, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra, which are known for their expansive and fertile floodplains, supporting dense populations and intense agriculture.
Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?
River Indus originates in Tibet, near Lake Mansarovar.
River Ganga begins at the Gangotri Glacier as the Bhagirathi, which is its headwater, and it is joined by the Alaknanda at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand.
Name the two headstreams of the Ganga. Where do they meet to form the Ganga?
The two headstreams of the Ganga are the Bhagirathi and the Alaknanda. They meet at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand to form the Ganga.
Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course?
The Brahmaputra River in its Tibetan part carries less silt and a smaller volume of water because it flows through a cold and arid region. In this region, there is less rainfall and vegetation, resulting in minimal erosion and less transport of sediments as compared to its course through the high-rainfall areas of India.
Which two Peninsular rivers flow through trough?
The two Peninsular rivers that flow through a trough are the Narmada and the Tapi. These rivers flow in rift valleys formed due to faulting.
State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes.
Economic Benefits of Rivers
Irrigation: Rivers are a crucial source of water for agricultural activities, helping in the irrigation of crops, which is vital for a primarily agrarian economy like India.
Hydro-power Generation: Many rivers are dammed to produce hydroelectric power which is a significant source of renewable energy.
Navigation and Transport: Rivers serve as important transportation routes for the movement of goods and people, especially in remote areas.
Source of Livelihood: Rivers support fisheries and other aquatic life which are a source of livelihood for many communities.
Water Supply: They provide the essential water needed for domestic use, industries, and other commercial activities.
Economic Benefits of Lakes
Tourism and Recreation: Lakes contribute significantly to tourism, attracting visitors for activities such as boating, fishing, and sightseeing, thereby generating revenue.
Freshwater Supply: Many lakes are sources of freshwater which can be used for drinking, irrigation, and other purposes.
Ecological Balance: Lakes help in maintaining the ecological balance of the area, supporting a variety of flora and fauna.
Climate Moderation: Large bodies of water like lakes help moderate the climate of the surrounding area, making it more conducive to habitation and agriculture.
Hydropower: Lakes formed by dammed rivers are often used for hydropower generation.
Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group them under two categories – natural and created by human beings.
(a) Wular
(b) Dal
(c) Nainital
(d) Bhimtal
(e) Gobind Sagar
(f) Loktak
(g) Barapani
(h) Chilika
(i) Sambhar
(j) Rana Pratap Sagar
(k) Nizam Sagar
(l) Pulicat
(m) Nagarjuna Sagar
(n) Hirakund
Natural Lakes
Wular (Jammu & Kashmir)
Dal (Jammu & Kashmir)
Nainital (Uttarakhand)
Bhimtal (Uttarakhand)
Loktak (Manipur)
Chilika (Odisha)
Sambhar (Rajasthan)
Pulicat (Andhra Pradesh & Tamil Nadu)
Lakes Created by Human Beings
Gobind Sagar (Himachal Pradesh) - Formed by Bhakra Dam
Barapani (Meghalaya) - Also known as Umiam Lake, formed by damming the Umiam River
Rana Pratap Sagar (Rajasthan) - Formed by damming the Chambal River
Nizam Sagar (Telangana) - Formed by damming the Manjira River
Nagarjuna Sagar (Telangana) - Created by damming the Krishna River
Hirakund (Odisha) - Formed by the Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi River
Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers.
The Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers exhibit significant differences in terms of their origin, flow, characteristics, and river regimes:
Origin and Course
Himalayan Rivers: Originate from the Himalayan ranges and have perennial flows, meaning they have water throughout the year due to rainfall and melting snow.
Peninsular Rivers: Mostly originate from the Western Ghats and other highlands within India, and are often seasonal, largely dependent on monsoon rains.
Flow Characteristics
Himalayan Rivers: They are long, have extensive drainage basins, and their courses involve passing through rugged landscapes, producing gorges and huge amounts of silt.
Peninsular Rivers: Generally have shorter and shallower courses, with the exception of a few that flow towards the west and form estuaries.
River Features
Himalayan Rivers: Known for their dramatic meanders, broad floodplains, large deltas at the river mouths, and high carrying capacity of alluvial soil.
Peninsular Rivers: Typically do not form significant deltas except for the major east flowing rivers like the Godavari and the Krishna; they form deltas at their mouths into the Bay of Bengal.
Water Volume and Silt
Himalayan Rivers: Carry a significantly higher volume of water and greater load of fertile silt which is beneficial for agriculture in the plains.
Peninsular Rivers: Carry lesser volume and less sediment load, impacting their suitability for extensive agriculture.
Reliability and Utilization
Himalayan Rivers: More reliable for year-round irrigation, navigation, and hydro-power due to their perennial nature.
Peninsular Rivers: Their seasonal nature affects reliability for irrigation and requires careful management of water resources.
These differences significantly influence the ecology, economy, and social life around these river systems in India.
Compare the east flowing and the west flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau.
Comparison of East Flowing and West Flowing Rivers of the Peninsular Plateau:
Direction of Flow:
East flowing rivers: Flow towards the Bay of Bengal (e.g., Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri).
West flowing rivers: Flow towards the Arabian Sea (e.g., Narmada, Tapi).
Length and Expanse:
East flowing rivers are generally longer with larger catchment areas covering multiple states.
West flowing rivers tend to be shorter with smaller catchment areas.
River Mouths:
East flowing rivers often form deltas at their mouths due to the flat terrain and slow-moving waters at the end of their courses (e.g., Godavari and Krishna deltas).
West flowing rivers typically form estuaries due to their steep gradient and faster flow.
Origin:
Most Peninsular rivers originate from the Western Ghats. However, their points of origin may slightly differ within the range.
Seasonality:
East flowing rivers: More dependable and have regular water flow due to the reliable rainfall from both the southwest and northeast monsoons.
West flowing rivers: Largely depend on the southwest monsoon, making them more seasonal.
Utility:
East flowing rivers are crucial for agriculture, hydroelectricity, and drinking water due to their larger basins and consistent flow.
West flowing rivers are primarily utilized for hydroelectric power and limited agriculture due to their terrain and rapid flow.
Tributaries:
East flowing rivers have a significant number of large tributaries contributing to their flow.
West flowing rivers, by contrast, have relatively fewer tributaries.
These characteristics also affect the ecology, economy, and human settlements along their courses, leading to differences in the sustainable development and management of the surrounding areas.
Why are rivers important for the country’s economy?
Rivers are critically important for the country's economy due to several reasons:
Agriculture: Rivers provide vital water sources for irrigation, enabling agriculture, which is a major source of livelihood for the majority of India's population.
Hydro-power Generation: Rivers are used to generate hydroelectric power, which is a significant source of energy for many areas.
Navigation: Rivers serve as important transport routes that facilitate trade and connectivity within the country.
Urbanization and Settlements: Historically, riverbanks have been preferred sites for human settlements, leading to the growth of major cities and contributing to economic development.
Water Supply: They provide water for domestic, industrial, and municipal uses.
Thus, rivers play a fundamental role in sustaining economic activities and supporting the livelihoods of millions of people.
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Ask Chatterbot AIExtra Questions and Answers - Drainage | Contemporary India - I | Social Science | Class 9
Name the delta formed by the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra.
A) Inland Delta
B) Nile Delta
C) Sundarbans Delta
D) Ganges Delta
The correct answer is C) Sundarbans Delta.
The delta formed by the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra is known as the Sundarbans Delta. It is not only the largest delta in the world but also the fastest growing, famous for being the habitat of the Royal Bengal Tigers.
Match the water harvesting techniques to the corresponding place.
column1 | column2 |
---|---|
(1) Tals | Tamilnadu |
(2) Eris | Maharashtra |
(3) Kattas | Bihar |
(4) Ahars | Karnataka |
(A) $1 - \mathrm{a}, 2 - \mathrm{b}, 3 - \mathrm{c}, 4 - \mathrm{d}$ (B) 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - b (C) $1 - \mathrm{b}, 2 - \mathrm{a}, 3 - \mathrm{d}, 4 - \mathrm{c}$ (D) $1 - \mathrm{c}, 2 - \mathrm{a}, 3 - \mathrm{d}, 4 - \mathrm{b}$
The correct matching of water harvesting techniques to their corresponding places is:
Option (D) $1 - \mathrm{c}, 2 - \mathrm{a}, 3 - \mathrm{d}, 4 - \mathrm{b}$ is the correct match.
What are the ways in which dams help humans?
A) Water storage
B) Generating hydroelectricity
C) Irrigation
D) Controlling floods
The correct answers are:
A) Water storage
B) Generating hydroelectricity
C) Irrigation
D) Controlling floods
Dams serve several crucial purposes beneficial to humans. One of the primary functions is to generate hydroelectricity, making use of flowing water to produce energy. Additionally, dams are instrumental in storing water for domestic and industrial use, facilitating irrigation by supplying water to farms, and controlling floods by managing excessive water flow and preventing potential damage to surrounding areas.
When the river is in the youthful stage, it is full of power and energy. At this stage, the river thrashes hard on rocks and creates landforms or features like:
A. meanders
B. deltas
C. loess
D. waterfalls
The correct answer is D. waterfalls.
During its youthful stage, a river is characterized by its high energy and forceful flow. This intense force allows the river to erode rocks significantly. Over time, such vigorous erosion results in the creation of waterfalls.
Ujh River was seen in the news, is a tributary of the river:
A Ravi
B Sutlej
C Kishanganga
D Kaveri
The correct answer is A Ravi.
The Ujh River, which was in the news due to a project planned in Kathua district, is a tributary of the Ravi River. The project aims to store approximately 0.65 million acre feet (MAF) of water from the Ujh River. This initiative highlights the importance of the river in regional water resource management.
Why was the city of Pataliputra surrounded by a deep body of water on all sides?
A. For fishing
B. To keep the city cool
C. To enhance its aesthetic value
D. To check foreign invasion
The correct answer is D. To check foreign invasion.
The city of Pataliputra was strategically surrounded by deep water bodies to safeguard it from potential foreign invasions. This natural defense barrier made it significantly more challenging for invaders to access the city. Additionally, Pataliputra was fortified with high walls and gates, featuring 570 towers and 64 gates, further enhancing its security and defense capabilities.
Which of the following rivers is/are tributaries of the Godavari River? Indravati River Ghataprabha River Malaprabha River Pranahita Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1 and 4 only 1, 2, and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2, 3, and 4
The correct option is 1 and 4 only.
Summary about Godavari River and its Tributaries:
The Godavari River, often referred to as Dakshin Ganga, is one of India's largest rivers. The river is enriched by numerous tributaries contributing to its flow from both left and right sides. Here's how they are distributed:
Left Tributaries: Banganga, Kadva, Shivana, Purna, Kadam, Pranahita, Indravati, Taliperu, Sabari
Right Tributaries: Nasardi, Darna, Pravara, Sindphana, Manjira, Manair, Kinnerasani.
About Ghataprabha and Malaprabha Rivers:
The Ghataprabha River and the Malaprabha River, along with the Bhima River, Tungabhadra River, and Musi River, primarily serve as tributaries to the Krishna River. Therefore, they are not contributors to the Godavari River system.
From this distribution, it is clear that option 1 (Indravati River) and 4 (Pranahita) are indeed tributaries of the Godavari River, confirming that option "1 and 4 only" is the correct answer.
The Basavasagara dam is built on the ___ river and provides irrigation facilities to Raichur and Kalaburagi districts.
A. Bhima
B. Krishna
C. Mullamari
D. Bennetora
The correct answer is B. Krishna.
The Basavasagara Dam, constructed across the Krishna River, facilitates irrigation in the Raichur and Kalaburagi districts. This contrasts with the Karanja Dam project, which aids irrigation in the Bidar district.
Consider the following statement(s) about National Waterway-1:
It stretches from Allahabad to Haldia.
The Hooghly River portion of the waterway from Haldia to Nabadwip is tidal.
Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP) aims at capacity augmentation of navigation on National Waterway-1.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
A (a) Only 1
B (b) Only 2 and 3
C (c) Only 1 and 3
D (d) All of the above
Correct Answer: D (d) All of the above
The Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system running from Allahabad to Haldia is officially designated as National Waterway No.1. This confirms that statement 1 is correct.
Regarding statement 2, it is accurate that the Hooghly river portion of the waterway from Haldia to Nabadwip is tidal. This means the stretch experiences high and low tides, affecting navigation and water level. Thus, statement 2 is also correct.
Statement 3 involves the Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP), which is aimed at enhancing the navigational capacity on National Waterway-1. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the project with a significant budget and technical support from the World Bank. The project is on track for completion by March 2023, making statement 3 correct.
Conclusively, the correct option is (d) All of the above, with all statements 1, 2, and 3 being accurate.
Match the following doabs in Punjab with the rivers that surround them.
A Chenab and Jhelum
B Beas and Ravi
C Sutlej and Beas
D Ravi and Chenab
To match the following doabs in Punjab with the rivers that encase them:
Doab Chaj: located between the Chenab and Jhelum rivers.
Doab Rachna: found between the Ravi and Chenab rivers.
Doab Bist Jalandhar: this doab is nestled between the Sutlej and Beas rivers.
Doab Bari: sits between the Beas and Ravi rivers.
Doab Sindh Sagar: positioned between the Indus and Jhelum rivers.
Thus:
A (Chenab and Jhelum) matches Doab Chaj.
B (Beas and Ravi) corresponds to Doab Bari.
C (Sutlej and Beas) is Doab Bist Jalandhar.
D (Ravi and Chenab) matches Doab Rachna.
Methods of irrigation include:
A. Tube well
B. Water wheel
C. Canal
D. Ocean
The methods of irrigation listed in the options are:
A. Tube well
B. Water wheel
C. Canal
Tube wells, water wheels, and canals are all traditional and effective methods used to supply water for irrigation. Each of these methods plays a crucial role in agriculture by helping to distribute water across fields efficiently.
The option D. Ocean is not a method of irrigation as oceans are large bodies of saltwater which are unsuitable for the direct irrigation of most crops due to their salt content. Therefore, they do not serve as a practical source for irrigation water.
Which among the following reasons opposes the construction of large dams?
A) Social reasons
B) Economic reasons
C) Environmental reasons
D) All of the above
The correct answer is D) All of the above.
All three reasons—social, economic, and environmental—oppose the construction of large dams:
Social reasons: Displacement of people, particularly peasants and tribals, often occurs without adequate compensation or resettlement, leading to social unrest and hardship.
Economic reasons: The construction of large dams involves significant financial outlays. The return on investment can be low, as the benefits derived from these dams may not always justify the huge expenditures.
Environmental reasons: Dams can lead to severe environmental impacts, including deforestation and loss of biodiversity. They can alter the natural flow of rivers, disrupt wildlife habitats, and affect the ecosystems dependent on these water resources.
The name 'Punjab' indicates that it is a land of how many rivers?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 3
D. 8
The correct option is A. 5.
The name 'Punjab' is derived from two Persian words 'Punj' (meaning five) and 'Aab' (meaning water or rivers), together signifying the region 'Land of Five Rivers'. The five rivers that constitute this name are Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum. Currently, the rivers Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi flow through Punjab in India, whereas Chenab and Jhelum are predominantly in the Punjab region of Pakistan.
Though India has $14,500 \mathrm{~km}$ of navigable waterways, inland waterways contribute to only $1%$ to the country's transportation. Which of the following are reasons for the dismal performance of inland waterways?
Presence of rapids and cataracts
Diversion of water from rivers for irrigation
Silting of river beds
Shifting courses of rivers
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 1, 2 and 3 only
C. 2 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
The correct option is D: 1, 2, 3, and 4.
In India, despite having 14,500 km of navigable waterways, there are several critical issues that restrict their use for transportation, contributing only 1% overall. These issues include:
Presence of rapids and cataracts: These natural obstructions in rivers, such as those found in the Narmada, Tapi, and rivers on the Chota Nagpur plateau create serious hindrances for navigation.
Diversion of water from rivers for irrigation: Such diversion lowers water levels in rivers, making navigation difficult, especially for vessels that require deeper draughts.
Silting of river beds: Carried silt deposits in the river beds reduce the depth necessary for the navigation of larger ships.
Shifting courses of rivers: Especially prevalent in Himalayan rivers, changes in river courses due to heavy rainfall or other natural events can unpredictably alter the navigability of these waterways.
Each of these factors plays a significant role in hampering the effective use of India’s inland waterways for transport, thus justifying the selection of answer D.
Which national waterway lies on river Brahmaputra?
A. Allahabad-Haldia National Waterway
B. Sadiya-Dhubri National Waterway
C. West-Coast Canal
D. Kakinada Canal
The correct answer is B. Sadiya-Dhubri National Waterway.
The Sadiya-Dhubri National Waterway is located on the Brahmaputra River in the state of Assam. It spans approximately 891 km. This waterway is designated as National Waterway 2.
The Three Gorges Dam was built in which of the following countries?
A) China
B) India
C) Nepal
D) Bhutan
The correct answer is A) China.
China is the country where the Three Gorges Dam is located. As of 2020, this dam was recognized as the world's largest hydropower project. The construction of this massive dam resulted in the displacement of approximately 1.2 million people and the flooding of over 1,350 villages. While the dam has faced criticism for its environmental impacts, it has also significantly contributed to China's economic development.
The process through which the nutrients of the soil get percolated down below the soil due to heavy rainfall is called:
A. Desoilification B. Leaching C. Percolation D. Deneumfication
The correct answer to the question is Option B: Leaching.
Leaching refers to the process where nutrients are washed out from the soil due to heavy rainfall. This causes the nutrients to move deeper into the soil, away from where most plant roots can access them.
Pick the odd one out.
A. Cauvery
B. Ganga
C. Godavari
D. Krishna
The correct answer is B. Ganga
The river Ganga originates from the Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas, primarily flowing through Uttar Pradesh in the plains. In contrast, the rivers Krishna, Cauvery, and Godavari pass through Karnataka.
Therefore, Ganga is the odd one out.
Identify this pond-like structure used to store rainwater in Haryana and Rajasthan.
A) Talab
B) Kund
C) Pokhariyan
D) Rapat
The correct answer is B) Kund.
A Kund is a man-made structure resembling a small reservoir, specifically designed for the purpose of rainwater harvesting. This traditional technique is commonly used in regions like Haryana and Rajasthan to store rainwater.
Which state in India experiences the Northeast monsoon?
A) Kerala
B) Tamil Nadu
C) Karnataka
D) Andhra Pradesh
The correct answer is B) Tamil Nadu.
Tamil Nadu experiences the Northeast monsoon, which occurs when the winds from the northeast prevail, pushing inward and causing rainfall primarily along the east coast of Tamil Nadu during the months of November and December. This seasonal phenomenon is distinct to South India and specifically impactful in Tamil Nadu during these months.
What are the main causes of water pollution in the Ganga river?
A. Increase in population density
B. Various human activities
C. Dumping of various harmful industrial waste
D. All of these
Correct Answer: D. All of these
Explanation:
The Ganga river, one of the most significant and sacred rivers in India, faces severe water pollution due to a combination of factors:
Increase in population density: Larger populations living along the river increase the strain on the river through higher usage and more waste generation.
Various human activities: Activities like bathing, washing clothes and utensils, along with disposal of human and animal excreta directly into the river, contribute extensively to its contamination.
Dumping of various harmful industrial waste: Factories and industries along the river often discharge hazardous waste materials directly into the Ganga, exacerbating the pollution levels.
These factors collectively make the Ganga one of the world's most polluted rivers, ranking as the fifth most polluted river globally.
Which rivers out of the five rivers of Punjab flow in Pakistan?
A) Jhelum
B) Beas
C) Chenab
D) Ravi
The correct options are:
A) Jhelum
C) Chenab
Following the partition of Punjab, the distribution of the rivers between India and Pakistan was such that India received the Beas, Sutlej, and Ravi rivers. Conversely, Pakistan was allocated the Jhelum and Chenab rivers.
Which among the following options will lead to the birth of drought?
A. Deforestation
B. Heavy rainfall
C. Excessive use of ground and surface water
D. Excessive rain
The factors that can lead to the occurrence of a drought include:
A. Deforestation
C. Excessive use of ground and surface water
Drought is primarily defined as a significant deficiency in rainfall lasting for an extended period, often spanning a season or more, which leads to a water shortage. The crucial contributors to this scenario are:
Deforestation: Removal of trees reduces the ability of an area to retain groundwater, thereby diminishing the local humidity which indirectly affects rainfall.
Excessive use of ground and surface water: Overutilization of these water resources reduces their availability, exacerbating the effects of low rainfall and hindering the natural replenishment of water systems.
What are tributaries?
A. Two large rivers which meet to form a single river are known as tributaries.
B. Rivers at the end of their course are known as tributaries.
C. Rivers or streams which join a larger river are called tributaries.
D. Rivers at the start of their course are known as tributaries.
The correct answer is C. Rivers or streams that join a larger river are called tributaries.
Tributaries are smaller rivers or streams that merge into a larger river, contributing to its flow and volume. This merging typically occurs along the course of the larger river, helping to increase its size and water capacity as it continues toward its end point.
Manmade landscape includes which of the following?
A Hills
B Roads
C Canals
D Rivers
The correct choices that describe manmade landscapes are:
B Roads
C Canals
Manmade landscapes include features such as roads, canals, bridges, dams, and cities. These are constructed or altered directly by human activity, unlike natural landscapes like hills and rivers.
Consider the following statements and choose the incorrect one.
Turan Plain is drained by Syr Darya and the Amu Darya.
Northern side of Asia is sloping towards the Himalayan region.
Most of the rivers start in the central highlands and flow northward.
The banks of rivers in the Arctic Ocean form vast swamps.
The incorrect statement is B: Northern side of Asia is sloping towards the Himalayan region.
Here's a quick breakdown of the statements:
Turan Plain is indeed drained by the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya.
The northern side of Asia actually slopes towards the Arctic Ocean, not the Himalayan region.
Numerous rivers start in the central highlands and flow northward.
The banks of rivers that empty into the Arctic Ocean do form vast swamps.
Therefore, the correct answer is (B).
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