Forest Society and Colonialism - Class 9 - Social Science
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Back Questions - Forest Society and Colonialism | India and the Contemporary World - I | Social Science | Class 9
Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people:
Shifting cultivators
Nomadic and pastoralist communities
Firms trading in timber/forest produce
Plantation owners
Kings/British officials engaged in shikar (hunting)
Shifting Cultivators: The implementation of forest laws negatively impacted shifting cultivators. Banning of their traditional practice, due to concerns over timber and tax calculations, led to displacement and occupational shifts, sometimes resulting in rebellions.
Nomadic and Pastoralist Communities: Restrictions on forest access hindered the mobility essential for grazing and traditional routes. This led to a decline in their livelihoods and forced some into 'criminal tribes', pushing them into labor in new sectors.
Firms Trading in Timber/Forest Produce: European trading firms gained exclusive rights, monopolizing the trade in forest products. This restructuring favored large firms over local traders and significantly altered the trade dynamics.
Plantation Owners: They benefited from the colonial focus on cash crops. Large tracts of forest land were cleared and given at low rates to set up plantations, boosting their profits through the cultivation of tea, coffee, and rubber.
Kings/British Officials Engaged in Shikar (hunting): The forest laws facilitated exclusive hunting rights for officials and nobility, turning hunting into a sport and status symbol. The overhunting during this period led to the near extinction of several large animal species.
What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java?
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Sign up nowBetween 1880 and 1920 , forest cover in the Indian subcontinent declined by 9.7 million hectares, from 108.6 million hectares to 98.9 million hectares. Discuss the role of the following factors in this decline:
Railways
Shipbuilding
Agricultural expansion
Commercial farming
Tea/Coffee plantations
Adivasis and other peasant users
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Sign up nowWhy are forests affected by wars?
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Sign up nowExtra Questions - Forest Society and Colonialism | India and the Contemporary World - I | Social Science | Class 9
Digging under the surface of the earth is called?
A) geology
B) archaeology
C) research
D) excavation
D) excavation
Excavation is the correct term used for digging under the surface of the earth, typically in an archaeological context, to find historical artefacts.
___________ means illegally occupying others' land.
A. Encroachment
B. Trespassing
C. Appropriation
D. Embezzlement
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Sign up nowWhat was shifting cultivation, and why did colonial foresters oppose it? List some of the local terms used for this type of agriculture in India.
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