Outcomes of Democracy - Class 10 Social Science - Chapter 5 - Notes, NCERT Solutions & Extra Questions
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Extra Questions - Outcomes of Democracy | Democratic Politics - II | Social Science | Class 10
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The will of one individual is the principle of:
A) a democracy
B) a dictatorial government
C) a communist government
D) a political government
The correct answer is B) a dictatorial government.
In a dictatorial government, the entire control and decision-making process is dominated by the will of one individual, which is the characteristic feature of this form of governance. This distinguishes it from options such as democracy, where power is generally exercised by elected representatives of the people, and other forms of government where power distribution is broader.
Government issues and responsibilities are discussed through
A. Newspapers
B. Magazines
C. Television
D. All of the above
The correct answer is D. All of the above.
Newspapers, magazines, and television are all mediums through which government issues and responsibilities can be discussed, making option D the best choice.
Statements: In a one-day cricket match, the total runs made by a team were 200. Out of these, 160 runs were made by spinners. Conclusions: I. $80%$ of the team consists of spinners. II. The opening batsmen were spinners.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
E. Both I and II follow
The correct answer is D. Neither I nor II follows.
From the information provided, 80% of the runs were scored by spinners. However, this statistic only accounts for runs scored, not the composition of the team. Therefore, conclusion I, which states that 80% of the team consists of spinners, does not logically follow because the percentage of runs made does not necessarily reflect the percentage composition of the team.
Additionally, conclusion II assumes that the opening batsmen were spinners. This assumption is not supported by any information given in the statements, as no details about the positions or roles of the players who scored the runs were provided.
Consequently, neither conclusion I nor conclusion II can be logically concluded from the statements provided.
Statement A: "Slum demolition to beautify the city landscape begins today." Statement B: "Demolition drive of slums to be carried out today."
Which of these statements is/are objective and unbiased?
A) Only statement A is objective.
B) Only statement B is objective.
C) Both statements A and B are biased.
D) Both statements A and B are objective.
Correct Option: B) Only statement B is objective.
It is crucial to understand the difference between objective and biased statements in reporting. An objective statement focuses on facts without incorporating any personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudice. In contrast, biased statements are often influenced by personal feelings or interests and may involve partiality.
Statement A: "Slum demolition to beautify the city landscape begins today." This includes the subjective goal of "beautify the city landscape", suggesting a positive outcome from the demolition, which introduces a bias towards the action by implying it is beneficial.
Statement B: "Demolition drive of slums to be carried out today." This merely states the fact that the demolition is scheduled, with no additional context or implied judgment about the purpose or desirability of the action.
Thus, Statement B is deemed objective, as it refrains from any subjective or evaluative language, focusing strictly on the informational content.
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Ask Chatterbot AINCERT Solutions - Outcomes of Democracy | Democratic Politics - II | Social Science | Class 10
How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government?
Democracy ensures accountability by mandating leaders to be answerable to the electorate for their actions and decisions. Through regular, free, and fair elections, citizens have the power to elect or remove their leaders, fostering a system where politicians must cater to the needs and demands of the public to maintain their positions. This setup promotes a responsive government that addresses citizens' needs and changes policies based on public opinion and welfare. Additionally, the legitimacy of a democratic government stems from its foundation on popular consent, where laws and decisions are made by representatives chosen by the people, ensuring that the government reflects the electorate's will, thus enhancing its acceptability and effectiveness.
What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities?
Democracies can successfully accommodate social diversities under the following conditions:
Recognition of Differences: Democracies must acknowledge and respect the existence of diverse social groups within the society, and allow mechanisms to negotiate differences.
Rule by Majority: Democracies must be careful not to impose the will of the majority community in terms of religion, race, or linguistic group. Majority opinions should not become permanent, and minorities should have the opportunity to become part of the majority.
Representation: The majority must always work with the minority to ensure that the government represents a consensus view and not just the majority opinion.
Equal Participation: Every citizen should have an equal chance of being in the majority at some point. If any group is barred from being in the majority based on birth or identity, the democratic rule fails to be accommodative.
Procedural Mechanism: Democracies usually develop procedures to conduct competition which reduces the chance of conflicts becoming explosive or violent.
Implementing these conditions ensures that democracy can handle social differences, divisions, and conflicts effectively, leading to a harmonious social life.
Give arguments to support or oppose the following assertions:
Industrialised countries can afford democracy but the poor need dictatorship to become rich.
Democracy can’t reduce inequality of incomes between different citizens.
Government in poor countries should spend less on poverty reduction, health, education and spend more on industries
and infrastructure.
In democracy all citizens have one vote, which means that there is absence of any domination and conflict.
1. Industrialized countries can afford democracy but the poor need dictatorship to become rich:
This assertion is flawed as it overlooks that democracies offer stable, transparent environments and uphold human rights, fostering long-term social and economic development. Dictatorships may achieve short-term gains but often at the cost of social unrest and corruption.
2. Democracy can't reduce inequality of incomes between different citizens:
Democracy alone does not guarantee economic equality; however, it provides mechanisms like legislation and welfare policies that can be used to address income disparities more effectively than non-democratic regimes.
3. Government in poor countries should spend less on poverty reduction, health, education and spend more on industries and infrastructure:
Investing in health, education, and poverty reduction can create a healthier, better-educated workforce that can significantly contribute to sustainable economic growth and stability.
4. In democracy all citizens have one vote, which means that there is absence of any domination and conflict:
Although democracy assures political equality through equal voting rights, it does not automatically eliminate social and economic disparities or conflicts. Persistent efforts and inclusive policies are crucial to address these ongoing challenges.
Identify the challenges to democracy in the following descriptions. Also suggest policy/institutional mechanism to deepen democracy in the given situations:
Following a High Court directive, a temple in Orissa that had separate entry doors for dalits and non-dalits allowed entry for
all from the same door.
A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India.
Following an allegation of killing of three civilians in Gandwara in a fake encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police, an enquiry
has been ordered.
Challenges to Democracy and Suggested Mechanisms:
Temple in Orissa with Separate Entry for Dalits and Non-Dalits:
Challenge: Social Inequality and Discrimination based on caste.
Mechanism: Implement comprehensive anti-discrimination laws and ensure their enforcement through active monitoring by dedicated bodies. Establish awareness and education programs to promote social equality and inclusive practices within communities.
Suicide of a Large Number of Farmers in Different States:
Challenge: Economic Distress and Agrarian Crisis, reflecting ineffective agricultural policies and lack of support systems.
Mechanism: Implement sustainable agricultural policies that ensure fair prices for produce, provide financial support and debt relief for farmers. Establish robust mental health support systems and increase investment in rural infrastructure and welfare programs.
Alleged Fake Encounter in Gandwara by J&K Police:
Challenge: Human Rights Violations and Lack of Accountability in law enforcement.
Mechanism: Establish independent investigative agencies to ensure impartial investigations of such incidents. Strengthen judicial oversight over police actions and implement police reforms focused on accountability and training to uphold human rights norms.
In the context of democracies, which of the following ideas is correct– democracies have successfully eliminated:
A. conflicts among people
B. economic inequalities among people
C. differences of opinion about how marginalised sections are to be treated
D. the idea of political inequality
The correct idea in the context of democracies is:
D. the idea of political inequality
Explanation: Democracies are based on the principle of political equality, where every individual has an equal weight in electing representatives. This principle strives to eliminate political inequality, though it may not eliminate conflicts, economic inequalities, or differences of opinion on treatment of marginalized sections.
In the context of assessing democracy, which among the following is the odd one out. Democracies need to ensure:
A. free and fair elections
B. dignity of the individual
C. majority rule
D. equal treatment before law
Among the given options, the odd one out is C. majority rule.
While free and fair elections, dignity of the individual, and equal treatment before law are core principles essential for the functioning of a democracy, majority rule is a feature that can sometimes conflict with democratic principles if not balanced properly. Democracy also emphasizes protection of minority rights along with majority rule to ensure fairness and justice for all citizens.
Studies on political and social inequalities in democracy show that:
A. democracy and development go together.
B. inequalities exist in democracies.
C. inequalities do not exist under dictatorship.
D. dictatorship is better than democracy.
The correct answer is:
B. inequalities exist in democracies.
Studies show that economic inequalities exist in democracies, and in some cases, these inequalities can be significant. While democracies aim for political equality, they often struggle with economic disparities.
Read the passage below:
Nannu is a daily wage earner. He lives in Welcome Mazdoor Colony, a slum habitation in East Delhi. He lost his ration card and applied for a duplicate one in January 2004. He made several rounds to the local Food and Civil Supplies office for the next three months. But the clerks and officials would not even look at him, leave alone do his job or bother to tell him the status of his application. Ultimately, he filed an application under the Right to Information Act asking for the daily progress made on his application, names of the officials, who were supposed to act on his application and what action would be taken against these officials for their inaction. Within a week of filing application under the Right to Information Act, he was visited by an inspector from the Food Department, who informed him that the card had been made and he could collect it from the office. When Nannu went to collect his card next day, he was given a very warm treatment by the Food and Supply Officer (FSO), who is the head of a Circle. The FSO offered him tea and requested him to withdraw his application under the Right to Information, since his work had already been done.
What does Nannu’s example show? What impact did Nannu’s action have on officials? Ask your parents their experiences
when they approach government officials to attend to their problems.
Nannu’s example demonstrates the power of accountability and transparency mechanisms in a democracy, specifically the Right to Information (RTI) Act. His action holds several key points:
Ensuring Accountability: Nannu's application under the RTI Act forced the officials to act on his request promptly.
Power of Information: By asking for specific details, Nannu leveraged the RTI Act to uncover the procedural delays and hold officials accountable.
Behavioural Change: The act of filing an RTI application created urgency and led to a change in the behaviour of the officials, who suddenly became more responsive and courteous.
Impact of Nannu’s Action on Officials:
Prompt Response: Officials expedited his request once the RTI application was filed.
Improved Treatment: He was treated with respect and his issue was resolved quickly, as seen in the warm treatment by the Food and Supply Officer.
Acting on Inaction: The threat of accountability led to a quick resolution of his long-pending issue.
Experiences of Parents When Approaching Government Officials:
You should ask your parents about their experiences, focusing on:
Instances when they faced delays or bureaucratic hurdles.
Situations where they received prompt service.
Whether they have used the RTI Act or other tools to address issues and the outcomes of such actions.
This will provide a personal perspective on how effectively governmental bodies function and how transparency laws can impact citizen interactions.
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Ask Chatterbot AINotes - Outcomes of Democracy | Class 10 Democratic Politics - II | Social Science
Democracy is often hailed as one of the most effective forms of government. But what are the real-life implications and outcomes of democracy, especially as seen through the lens of a Class 10 student? In this article, we'll dive deep into the major outcomes of democracy, covering both theoretical and practical aspects.
Understanding the Outcomes of Democracy
How to Assess Democracy's Outcomes
Assessing the outcomes of democracy involves various criteria and methods to evaluate how effectively a democracy is functioning. Do we only prefer democracy for moral reasons, or are there tangible benefits that make it superior to other forms of government?
Benefits of Democracy Over Other Forms of Government
Democracy is often seen as a better option compared to dictatorship or other authoritarian regimes. It promotes equality and individual dignity, enhances decision-making quality, provides conflict resolution methods, and allows room for correcting mistakes.
Expected Outcomes in Different Aspects
Quality of Government
One of the primary benefits of democracy is the establishment of a high-quality government accountable to its citizens. Democratic governments are often evaluated based on their responsiveness, efficiency, and adherence to norms and procedures.
Economic Well-being
It’s reasonable to expect that democracies should contribute positively to economic growth and development. However, historical data shows a mixed picture. While some democracies have achieved significant economic success, others have struggled compared to certain dictatorial regimes.
Addressing Inequality and Conflict
Social Inequality and Democracy
Democracy aims to reduce social and economic disparities. While economic inequalities exist even in democratic nations, the system theoretically provides mechanisms for more equitable distribution of wealth.
Handling Social Differences and Conflicts
A key strength of democracy is its ability to manage social diversity and conflicts. Countries like Belgium have successfully used democratic mechanisms to handle ethnic differences, reducing the likelihood of conflicts becoming violent.
Ensuring Freedom and Dignity
Promoting Individual Dignity
Democracies stand out in promoting the dignity and freedom of individuals. Legal frameworks in democratic nations often recognize and protect individual rights, making it easier for marginalized groups to fight for equality.
Enhancing Freedom
A fundamental outcome of democracy is its focus on individual freedom. Citizens enjoy the freedom to express their opinions, participate in decision-making, and hold their government accountable.
Accountability, Responsiveness, and Legitimate Government
Ensuring Accountability
Democracies ensure that governments are accountable to their citizens. Regular, free, and fair elections are a key feature, allowing citizens to choose or change their leaders.
Government Responsiveness
Democratic governments are generally more responsive to the needs and expectations of their citizens. Mechanisms for public participation and transparency further enhance this responsiveness.
Legitimacy of Democratic Governments
The legitimacy of a democratic government stems from its acceptance by the people. Widespread support for democracy, even in nations without democratic regimes, indicates its strong legitimacy.
Economic Outcomes of Democracy
Economic Growth and Development
While dictatorial regimes have shown slightly higher economic growth rates at times, democracies offer other essential benefits like political stability and social equity, which contribute to sustainable development.
Reducing Economic Disparities
A significant expectation from democracy is its ability to reduce economic disparities. While the actual performance varies, democracies aim to distribute wealth more equitably among their citizens.
Social Harmony Through Democracy
Accommodation of Social Diversity
Democracies excel in accommodating various social divisions and differences. By developing procedures for peaceful competition and negotiation, they reduce the likelihood of social tensions flaring into violence.
Case Studies
Examples from countries like Belgium and India show how democratic mechanisms have successfully managed ethnic and social diversity, leading to more harmonious societies.
Conclusion
Democracy brings several outcomes that extend beyond merely being a form of government. While it faces challenges like economic disparities and inefficiencies, it stands out for its ability to promote equality, dignity, and freedom among citizens. By understanding these outcomes, students can appreciate the complexities and benefits of living in a democratic society.
This completes our comprehensive guide on the outcomes of democracy, tailored especially for Class 10 students. Allocate some time to go through these notes, as they will help you grasp the broader implications of democratic governance.
Feel free to share this article with your peers to spread knowledge about the significant outcomes of democracy!
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