Explore the diverse climate of India, from monsoon rains to Himalayan snowfall, and understand the seasonal weather patterns and their impact on daily life.
Notes - Climate | Contemporary India - I | Class 9 Geography | Social Science
Comprehensive Climate Class 9 Notes: All You Need to Know
Understanding the climate is crucial for comprehending the natural world around us. Here's a comprehensive guide to climate, tailored for Class 9 students.
Introduction to Climate and Weather
Definition of Climate:Climate refers to the average weather conditions of a place over a long period, typically more than thirty years. It encompasses various elements like temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, and precipitation.
Difference Between Climate and Weather:While weather is the atmospheric condition at a specific time and place, climate is the aggregation of weather over extended periods.
Elements of Weather and Climate:
Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure
Wind
Humidity
Precipitation
Understanding Seasons and Atmospheric Conditions
Seasonal Variations:Seasons are periods in a year marked by distinct weather conditions. They result from the earth’s tilt and orbit around the sun, leading to varying amounts of sunlight reaching different regions.
Generalized Monthly Atmospheric Conditions:
Winter: Cool days and cold nights.
Summer: Hot and uncomfortable days.
Rainy Season: Heavy rainfall periods.
Monsoon Climate of India
Explanation of Monsoon Climate:The term 'monsoon' is derived from the Arabic word 'mausim,' meaning season. It signifies the seasonal reversal in wind direction.
Seasonal Reversal of Wind Direction:Monsoon winds blow from land to sea during winter (northeast monsoon) and from sea to land during summer (southwest monsoon), bringing significant rainfall.
Regional Variations in Climate
Temperature Variations:
Extremely hot in Rajasthan during summers (up to 50°C).
Cold winters in Jammu and Kashmir (as low as -45°C).
Coastal regions like Thiruvananthapuram have moderate temperatures.
Precipitation Variations:
Types and Forms: Rainfall in most parts, snowfall in the Himalayas.
Highly variable distribution: Meghalaya (>400 cm) vs. Western Rajasthan (<10 cm).
Climatic Controls
Six major factors control the climate at any place:
Latitude:
Solar energy varies with latitude, causing temperature differences.
Altitude:
Higher altitudes are cooler due to reduced air density.
Pressure and Wind Systems:
Winds carrying different pressures affect temperature and rainfall.
Distance from the Sea (Continentality):
The moderating influence of the sea leads to less extreme weather.
Ocean Currents:
Coastal climates are affected by warm or cold currents.
Relief Features:
Mountains block or channel winds and can cause precipitation.
Highest: Parts of Western Coast and Northeastern India.
Lowest: Western Rajasthan, interior Deccan plateau, and Leh.
Variability in Annual Rainfall:
Rivers and agricultural patterns are heavily dependent on monsoon rains, leading to different rainfall patterns affecting agriculture and lifestyle.
Conclusion
The monsoon acts as a significant unifying factor for the Indian subcontinent, impacting agriculture, lifestyle, and festivities. Understanding climate helps students appreciate the natural systems that sustain life.
The Indian climate's dynamic nature, characterized by varied temperatures, precipitation, and seasons, offers an insightful study for Class 9 students, preparing them for more advanced geographical and environmental studies.
Create a Free Account
Sign up to unlock this article and get access to more study resources.
Sign Up to View
Advanced Study Techniques
This article covers advanced memory techniques, optimal study environments, and subject-specific strategies that top students use...
Extra Questions - Climate | Contemporary India - I | Geography | Social Science | Class 9
Previous Years' Questions - Climate | Contemporary India - I | Geography | Social Science | Class 9
Suggest two measures to control river pollution.
[Half Yearly Exam (2024)]
Industrial Waste Treatment: Ensure that all industries treat their wastewater before discharging it into rivers. This can be achieved by strict regulations and the installation of efficient treatment plants.
Public Awareness Campaigns: Educate citizens about the harmful effects of river pollution and promote practices like proper waste disposal and reduced use of chemicals to prevent contaminants from entering waterways.
Simplify Main points
Follow-up Questions:
What types of wastewater treatments are effective?How can industries be regulated more effectively?What role does community involvement play?
NCERT Solutions - Climate | Contemporary India - I | Geography | Social Science | Class 9
Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?
(a) Silchar
(c) Cherrapunji
(b) Mawsynram
(d) Guwahati
Mawsynram receives the highest average rainfall in the world, making option (b) Mawsynram the correct answer.
Simplify Main points
Follow-up Questions:
What is the annual average rainfall there?What is the second highest rainfall place?How does the rainfall impact the people?
No credit card required. Create your free account in seconds.
Extra Questions and Answers - Climate | Contemporary India - I | Geography | Social Science | Class 9
The hottest place in Karnataka is:
A) Mangalore
B) Raichur
C) Chitradurga
D) Bangalore
The correct answer is:
B) Raichur
Raichur is known to experience some of the highest temperatures in Karnataka, especially during the summer months. It is located in the northeast part of Karnataka, where the climate tends to be drier and temperatures can be quite high.
Simplify Main points
Follow-up Questions:
Why is Raichur considered the hottest place?How do temperature levels in Raichur compare?What factors contribute to the high temperatures?