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  1. Class 12
  2. Literature
  3. Flamingo
  4. The Last Lesson

The Last Lesson - Flamingo - Class 12 - CBSE English

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  • Back Exercises
  • Line-by-line explanation in Hindi
  • Quiz
  • Vocabulary - Flashcards
  • About the Author
  • Back Questions
  • Summary
  • Extra Questions
  • Plot
  • Themes
  • Important Lines
  • Character Sketches
  • Vocabulary

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Back Exercises - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

Find out the origins of the following words.

tycoon

barbecue

zero

tulip

veranda

ski

logo

robot

trek

bandicoot

1. Tycoon - The word "tycoon" originated from the Japanese word "taikun," meaning "great lord" or "shogun." It was borrowed into English in the mid-19th century to refer to powerful and influential business magnates or industrialists.

2. Barbecue - The word "barbecue" is believed to have originated from the Taino word "barbacoa," which referred to a wooden structure used for roasting meat. It was later adopted into Spanish as "barbacoa" and eventually made its way into English as "barbecue."

3. Zero - The word "zero" has its roots in the Arabic numeral system, where it was represented by the Arabic numeral (sifr). It was adopted by European mathematicians in the Middle Ages and entered the English language as "zero."

4. Tulip - The word "tulip" originated from the Turkish word "tülbent," which means "muslin" or "gauze." This was because the petals of some tulip varieties resemble the delicacy and translucence of fine muslin fabric. The word "tülbent" was borrowed into Western European languages and eventually became "tulip."

5. Veranda - The word "veranda" comes from the Hindi word "varanda" or the Portuguese word "varanda," both of which mean a covered, open porch or balcony. It was first used in English in the mid-18th century to describe a roofed platform attached to a house.

6. Ski - The word "ski" originated from Old Norse, specifically from the Old Norse word "skíð," which means "a split piece of wood" or "a ski." It was borrowed into English in the late 19th century to refer to the long, narrow, and flat equipment used for gliding on snow.

7. Logo - The word "logo" is a shortening of the Greek word "logos," which means "word" or "reason." In modern usage, it refers to a distinctive emblem or symbol representing a company, brand, or organization.

8. Robot - The word "robot" was first used in the 1920s by the Czech playwright Karel Čapek in his play "R.U.R." The word was derived from the Czech word "robota," which means "forced labor" or "servitude." It came to be associated with humanoid machines capable of performing tasks without human intervention.

9. Trek - The word "trek" comes from the Afrikaans word "trekken," which means "to travel" or "to migrate." It was first used in English during the 19th century to describe the journey or migration of Boers (Dutch settlers) across South Africa. Today, it is commonly used to refer to a long and arduous journey or expedition.

10. Bandicoot - The word "bandicoot" originates from the Telugu word "pandikokku," which means "pig-rat." It was first recorded in English during the early 18th century to describe a type of small, rat-like marsupial found in Australia and Southeast Asia.

Notice the underlined words in these sentences and tick the option that best explains their meaning.

  1. “What a thunderclap these words were to me!”
    The words were
    (i) loud and clear.
    (ii) startling and unexpected.
    (iii) pleasant and welcome.

  2. “When a people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is as if they had the key to their prison”
    It is as if they have the key to the prison as long as they
    (i) do not lose their language.
    (ii) are attached to their language.
    (iii) quickly learn the conqueror’s language.

  3. Don’t go so fast, you will get to your school in plenty of time.
    You will get to your school
    (i) very late.
    (ii) too early.
    (iii) early enough.

  4. I never saw him look so tall.
    M. Hamel
    (a) had grown physically taller
    (b) seemed very confident
    (c) stood on the chair

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Write a notice for your school bulletin board. Your notice could be an announcement of a forthcoming event, or a requirement to be fulfilled, or a rule to be followed.

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Write a paragraph of about 100 words arguing for or against having to study three languages at school.

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Have you ever changed your opinion about someone or something that you had earlier liked or disliked? Narrate what led you to change your mind.

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The Last Lesson - Line by line explanation in Hindi | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

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Quiz - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

Your mission, should you choose to accept it

is to attempt this quiz!

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Vocabulary - Flashcards - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

Participle
a form of a verb that is used in a sentence to modify a noun or pronoun

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About the Author - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

Alphonse Daudet was a French novelist and short story writer born on May 13, 1840, in Nîmes , France. He began his literary career as a poet , publishing his first poet ry collection in 1858, but he is best known for his novels and short stories. Some of his famous works include "Tartarin of Tarascon ," "The Nabob ," and "Letters from My Windmill ." Daudet's writing style is known for its vivid descriptions , humour, and sensitivity to human emotions . He often wrote about the lives of the French middle class and the impact of social and political changes on their lives. Daudet died on December 16, 1897, in Paris, at the age of 57. 

"The Last Lesson" by Alphonse Daudet is set in the town of Alsace , which was a part of France but became a part of Germany after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. 

The story took place in 1870 when France was defeated by Germany, and the German language was being imposed upon the people of Alsace . This was a time of great political tension and cultural conflict , and many French people were resentful of the German occupation and the suppression of their language and culture. The story reflects the author's personal experience of growing up in this region during this period and the impact that these events had on the people of Alsace . 

Back Questions - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

The people in this story suddenly realise how precious their language is to them. What shows you this? Why does this happen? 

This fact is quite conspicuously brought forth by the way they conducted themselves, which was quite contrary to a routine class. They maintained silence and listened to their teacher intently, and those elders who perpetually missed all the classes were present. Corresponding to that was the conduct of the teacher, who explained each and every point conscientiously, and he even stated that French was the most beautiful language in the world. It was clearest, the most logical. They must guard it among them and never forget it as long as they hold fast to their language; they have the key to their prison. 

The people suddenly realize the true worth of their language when they receive orders that they are not to be taught French anymore, and only German is to be taught in all schools of Alsace and Lorraine. Under the changed circumstances, the people suddenly realized the true worth of their language. They had been studying the language for a long time but had maintained a callous attitude towards learning it. They didn’t value it till they had it, but when it was about to fizzle out of their hands, it acquired a prominent position in their life. 

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Franz thinks, “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?” What could this mean? 

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“When a people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is as if they had the key to their prison.” Can you think of examples in history where a conquered people had their language taken away from them or had a language imposed on them? 

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What happens to a linguistic minority in a state? How do you think they can keep their language alive? For example:
Punjabis in Bangalore 
Tamilians in Mumbai
 Kannadigas in Delhi
Gujaratis in Kolkata

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Is it possible to carry pride in one’s language too far? Do you know what ‘linguistic chauvinism’ means? 

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Summary - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

"The Last Lesson" is a short story by Alphonse Daudet that takes place in a small town in France called Alsace-Lorraine. The story is set in the late 19th century when Germany annexed Alsace and Lorraine and imposed the use of the German language in schools instead of French. This caused great distress and resentment among the French-speaking people of the region, who felt that their language and culture were being suppressed . 

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Extra Questions - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

What was Franz expected to be prepared with for school that day?

In "The Last Lesson" by Alphonse Daudet, Franz was expected to be prepared with his lessons on participles for school that day. He was worried about going to school because he had not learned his lesson on participles and feared that his teacher, M. Hamel, would scold him for being unprepared.

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What did Franz notice that was unusual about the school that day?

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Why had the villagers occupied the back benches of the class that day?

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Who was Franz? What did he think about H. Hamel? Did he change his views about M. Hamel? Illustrate at least two changes that came in Franz towards his teacher, his school and French.

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Plot - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

The plot of "The Last Lesson" revolves around a young French boy named Franz who is reluctant to attend his school, where his teacher, M. Hamel, teaches lessons only in French. Franz is sad to learn that it is the last lesson to be taught by M. Hamel. He is devastated at the news that the Prussian army  

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Themes - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

The Last Lesson by Alphonse Daudet explores various themes, including: 

🚩Loss of language and culture

The story highlights the importance of preserving one's language and culture. The students of the French school in Alsace are forced to learn German, and in the process, they lose their French identity . 

😔 Regret

The theme of regret is prominent in the story. Franz regrets not paying attention in his French classes and taking the French language for granted. He realises the value of his language and culture only when he is about to lose it. 

🥹 Nostalgia

The story evokes a sense of 

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Important Lines - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

"My children, this is the last lesson I shall give you." 

This line marks the end of an era and the beginning of a new one. It represents the loss of French culture and language in the region of Alsace-Lorraine, which was annexed by Germany. 

"The order has come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine."

This line represents the control and dominance of Germany over the region and the suppression of the French language and culture. 

"My books, that had seemed such a nuisance a while ago, so heavy to carry, my grammar, and my history of the saints, were old friends now that I couldn’t give up."

This line signifies

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Character Sketches - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

🧑‍🏫 M. Hamel

M. Hamel is a dedicated and passionate teacher who deeply cares about his students and their education. He is an elderly man with a gentle and kind demeanour . He is well-respected by the townspeople for his knowledge, dedication, and his ability to teach French. 

M. Hamel is depicted as an enthusiastic teacher who loves teaching French and is genuinely interested in his students' education. 

He encourages them to learn and makes the lessons interesting and engaging . He is shown as patient and understanding, with a sense of humour that helps him connect with his students. 

M. Hamel is also portrayed as a patriotic figure who deeply loves his country 

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Vocabulary - The Last Lesson | Flamingo | Class 12 Literature | CBSE English

  1. Participle - a form of a verb that is used in a sentence to modify a noun or pronoun  
  2. Commotion - a state of noisy, confused activity  
  3. Thunderclap - a loud, sudden sound resembling thunder  
  4. Wretches - a person who is wretched; a miserable or unhappy person  
  5. Cranky - irritable and bad-tempered  
  6. In unison - In unison means that 

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